Monumen Stonehenge in English

Stonehenge is a monument stone at the time of ancient man and bronze Neolithikum which is located close to Amesbury about 13 kilometers (8 miles) northwest Salisbury Plain, Wilshire Province, England. Stonehenge has been defined by UNESCO as one of seven world wonder.

Stonehenge itself consists of thirty upright stones with a very large size (each stone on the first uniform height of 10 meters with each stone heft 26 tons), all stones are arranged with a vertical form of a vertical circle known as megalithikum.
According to the British Archaeologists, Coplan Jhon Richard Atkinson (1950), Stonehenge was built roughly around 5000 years ago, construction itself is divided into several phases (I, II, IIIA, IIIb, and IIIc). Of course, with many stages in the development phases of Stonehenge, indicating that the building requires a very long time in the process, from the transportation of the stone to the engraving on each the stone.
Stonehenge complex was built in several phases of development during the year 2000 and during the period of activity is running. This is evidenced by finding a dead body the Saxon was trained and buried in the monument, and the possibility of dead bodies came to the centuries-7 M.

Stonehenge I
Monument first circle consists of cliffs and rounded trench measuring 115 meters (320 feet) diameter and one with the entrance in the northeast. This phase is about 3100 BC. Area on the outside of the circle there are 59 holes, known as the Aubrey holes for the Jhon Aubrey, archeologists of the seventh century is a pity that the first person to know the holes are. Twenty five of the Aubrey holes known have gray on the two centuries after its foundation Stonehenge. Thirty corpses ashes placed in the trench area and other parts of the circle in the Stonehenge area. Neolitikum end of the pottery have been found together provide evidence of this date. A single stone monolith that does not create a slippery known as' heel stone '(Heel Stone) is situated outside the entrance.

Stonehenge II
Proof of the second phase is no longer visible. However, evidence from several holes from the pole this time period to prove there is some wood building that was built in a circle around the area early third millennium BC. Some effects board found placed at the entrance. This phase is the same as the place that is located adjacent Woodhenge.

Stonehenge IIIA
Research shows that around 2600 BC, two crescent curve of the hole is created (known as hole Q and R), which was unearthed in the middle of location. Hole in the 80 vertical blue stone brought from Preseli hills, 250 miles in Wales. Stones are formed into a pillar of the examination, most of dolerite with rock type, but also including examples of rhyolite stone, volcanic tufa, and myolite seberat 4 tons.
Entrance be dilated at this time make it consistent with the direction of the sun rising mid-summer sunset and mid-spring period. Monuments are left without a prepared, while the blue stone appears to be moving in the hole and the Q and R are closed. This is made possible in the phase IIIb Stonehenge. This monument appears to be beyond the terms of Avebury in importance at the end of this period and the Amesbury Archer, found in 2002 three miles to the south, imagine how Stonehenge look at this. Stonehenge IIIA is said build by the Beaker

Stonehenge IIIb
In the next phases of activity at the end of the third millennium BC found 74 large Sarsen stones taken from the query 20 miles north of the location in Marlborough Downs. Stones are formed a connection with the pivot joint and was established before 30 stone pillar shape roundness measuring 30 meters diameter with a 29 stone roof (lintel) above. Each stone cob 25 tons of weight and was clearly impressed with the goal of making. Inside the sphere is located five thon stone sarsen processed and prepared in the form of a horseshoe. This large stone, five and ten uprise stone beam, with each weight to 50 tons of a certain connection with the complex. Carved dagger and ax heads found in the sarsen.

Stonehenge IIIc
Next in bronze era, stone blue seems was portrait from originally, in the sphere between the two pole sarsen and also in the form of a horseshoe in the middle, follow the procedure sarsen layout. Although he seems to be one phase of a stunning development built Stonehenge IIIc inaccurate proportionate Stonehenge IIIb, blue stone that appears to be portrait does not have a solid foundation and starting trees. One of the fallen stones have been given names that are less appropriate as the Stone Worship (Altar Stone). Two sphere also dug holes in the stone outside the sphere, known as Y and Z. hole

Stonehenge IV
Around 1100 BC, Avenue road through far more than two miles to the River Avon is not even clear who is involved in this additional development work.
Heel stone (The Heel Stone) in a period known as the Friar's Heel. Folklore, which can not be originally from the early seventeen century, recounts the origin of this stone.
Some of the claims heels Friar ( "Friar's Heel") is the change in name "Freya's He-ol" or "Freya Sul", from the name of god and the German Freya Welsh word for "laluan" and "sun day" according to the sequence.

Statu Of Easter Island in Chole

Easter Island is a volcanic island located in Polynesia, South Pacific Ocean and 3700 km from the east coast of Chile, with a subtropical so climate. Origin of volcanoes referring to combine the three volcanoes. This is the oldest Poike, with 3 million years, followed by the volcano Rano Raraku, from 2.5 million years old, and finally the youngest, named Maung Terevaka (12,000 to 10,000 years). The island occupies a region 390 km ². The island's economic activities of agriculture (wheat, corn, tropical fruits and yams), development of roads and tourism. Rapanui in the local language, Rapa Nui is called "Big Island," Te Pito te henúa a "world center" and Mata ki te range "Eyes fixed on the heavens." Island with the famous statue of the great stone which is known as Moais (giant heads carved in volcanic stone), statues and wooden board that contains hieroglyphic inscriptions. One of the great mysteries of the "Moais," is the fact that all belong to the same species and is found only on the island.

In 1722, the Flemish master Jacob Roggeveen, together with the sailors, landed 3 of their ships on the beach before the island on Easter Sunday. Thus, on 5 April, they were baptized with the name of Easter Island. But have found the island centuries ago, there is evidence that people who come from several islands in the Pacific Ocean, may Mangareva and the Marquesas Islands. They say that Easter Island is part of the lost continent under water.

Giza Piramid in Mesir

Great Giza pyramid is the oldest and largest pyramid of the three pyramid on the Giza Nekropolis and trusted that the pyramid was built as a tomb for Fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh, Khufu (Χεωψ, Cheops) and constructed for more than 20 years and is estimated to take place around the year 2560 SM. Pyramid is sometimes referred to as Khufu Piramida. Regions or Giza Giza El Gizeh, or also known or El Gizeh (Al Jizah) is the area that is located in the area near Cairo (Egypt), That pyramid is found here is that compared to the largest pyramid in the world.

Giza pyramid or the pyramid noble lie in the sand carpet has a temperature more than 35 degrees Celsius the pyramid consists of 3 large plus one Sphinx. Third is the pyramid Khufu (Cheops), Khafre (Rakhaef / Chephren) and Menkaure (Mycerinus) plus three small pyramid. Each pyramid of Cheops and Mycerinus have Chepren similarity Interior.

There are king room, queen room, the door of the tunnel (which is one quarter of diameter with 40 meters long). Most of the century is renowned as farmers. they use the river valley to be nil as their waters.

Giza pyramid complex built around the ancient nation of Egypt 5000 years ago, has a wide area of comparability between the distance of St Peter (Rome), Florence cathedral (Milan) to the St. Paul (London). Also believed to set in stone when the Giza pyramid together can create a wall 3 meters high as 0.3 meters with a thickness that can encompass the whole of France.

If compared with the Empire State Building in New York, This pyramid is larger 30-fold and can even be seen from the week. Meanwhile, Egypt older nation building in 30 years. Not to mention how to move from the rock and stone of pyramid into a high (some say to create a structure or slope as in the whorl of screw and then is painted with limestone on the outside layer).

There is a mention that the stone is a stone molding results, construction of accurate center of gravity and center objects. So, as expressed previously have said that that was built by UFO that connecting with portrait pyramid is Mars. There is a conjecture that the pyramid was built by men who were the future in the past.

There are also pyramid-related constellation Orion cluster with review of three lie stars of Giza pyramid and Mayapun Piramida believed to have a location and position of the same cluster based on the constellation Orion stars. In addition, also believed to have room under the Sphinx (called off Hall Records) which is the secret key to the Zep Tepi of a golden era past, when the pyramid at Giza is made.

According to research from scientists and Archeology, creating a pyramid of materials taken from several places. For example, limestone from Tura, granite from Aswan, Sinai and copper from the wood for the case of Lebanon which all transported through the Nile River. And labors who workers die average the age of 30 years as a spinal injury due to take a very heavy burden. Then there was also a way to help emergency workers to injury. How ever people say, know The Giza Pyramid is being a new seven world wonder in the world.

7 Phenomenal Wonders of the Natural World

The classical natural wonders are huge and hard to miss - vast canyons, giant mountains and the like. Many of the most fantastic natural phenomena, however, are also least easy to spot. Some are incredibly rare while others are located in hard-to-reach parts of the planet. From moving rocks to mammatus clouds and red tides to fire rainbows, here are seven of the most spectacular phenomenal wonders of the natural world.

1) Sailing Stones


(Images via: f8BeThere and Ian Parker)

The mysterious moving stones of the packed-mud desert of Death Valley have been a center of scientific controversy for decades. Rocks weighing up to hundreds of pounds have been known to move up to hundreds of yards at a time. Some scientists have proposed that a combination of strong winds and surface ice account for these movements. However, this theory does not explain evidence of different rocks starting side by side and moving at different rates and in disparate directions. Moreover, the physics calculations do not fully support this theory as wind speeds of hundreds of miles per hour would be needed to move some of the stones.


2) Columnar Basalt


(Images via: Centripetalnotion, Habitas and Strahlen)

When a thick lava flow cools it contracts vertically but cracks perpendicular to its directional flow with remarkable geometric regularity - in most cases forming a regular grid of remarkable hexagonal extrusions that almost appear to be made by man. One of the most famous such examples is the Giant’s Causeway on the coast of Ireland (shown above) though the largest and most widely recognized would be Devil’s Tower in Wyoming. Basalt also forms different but equally fascinating ways when eruptions are exposed to air or water.
3) Blue Holes



(Images via: AEAdvisor, BelizeDiving and ScienceRay)

Blue holes are giant and sudden drops in underwater elevation that get their name from the dark and foreboding blue tone they exhibit when viewed from above in relationship to surrounding waters. They can be hundreds of feet deep and while divers are able to explore some of them they are largely devoid of oxygen that would support sea life due to poor water circulation - leaving them eerily empty. Some blue holes, however, contain ancient fossil remains that have been discovered, preserved in their depths.


4) Red Tides




(Images via: Carleton, CleanWaterNetwork and UMN)

Red tides are also known as algal blooms - sudden influxes of massive amounts of colored single-cell algae that can convert entire areas of an ocean or beach into a blood red color. While some of these can be relatively harmless, others can be harbingers of deadly toxins that cause the deaths of fish, birds and marine mammals. In some cases, even humans have been harmed by red tides though no human exposure are known to have been fatal. While they can be fatal, the constituent phytoplankton in ride tides are not harmful in small numbers.


5) Ice Circles


(Images via Panoramio, CrystalLinks, CropCircleAnswers and DailyMail)

While many see these apparently perfect ice circles as worthy of conspiracy theorizing, scientists generally accept that they are formed by eddies in the water that spin a sizable piece of ice in a circular motion. As a result of this rotation, other pieces of ice and flotsam wear relatively evenly at the edges of the ice until it slowly forms into an essentially ideal circle. Ice circles have been seen with diameters of over 500 feet and can also at times be found in clusters and groups at different sizes as shown above.
6) Mammatus Clouds


(Images via: John Olson and the DNR)

True to their ominous appearance, mammatus clouds are often harbingers of a coming storm or other extreme weather system. Typically composed primarily of ice, they can extend for hundreds of miles in each direction and individual formations can remain visibly static for ten to fifteen minutes at a time. While they may appear foreboding they are merely the messengers - appearing around, before or even after severe weather.




7) Fire Rainbows


(Images via: GinaCobb, Unwired and UMN)

A circumhorizontal fire rainbow arc occurs at a rare confluence of right time and right place for the sun and certain clouds. Crystals within the clouds refract light into the various visible waves of the spectrum but only if they are arrayed correctly relative to the ground below. Due to the rarity with which all of these events happen in conjunction with one another, there are relatively few remarkable photos of this phenomena.

Iceberg Breakthrough Provides Hope For Improved Climate Change Models

Scientists have made a breakthrough in determining what actually causes ice shelves in the Antarctic and Greenland to break apart, resulting in icebergs and contributing to increased sea levels.

The findings, reported in the latest edition of the Science journal, could lead to improved climate change models, as scientists will now be able to predict more accurately where icebergs will “calve off” from their parent ice shelves.


Scientists have discovered the main factor to cause ice to calve away from ice sheets, creating icebergs, and resulting in higher sea levels. Photo: imon Hansen.

The term “calving” in this context, refers to ice breaking off the ice shelves and landing in the ocean, causing icebergs to form. Typically, a shelf front will extend forward for years or decades between major calving events.

Until now, the main problem for scientists was determining where an ice shelf was to calve. At what point does an ice shelf have so much ice hanging over the ocean that it starts to break off?

What made this a particularly difficult question was that, there didn’t seem to be a common size between ice shelves. For example, the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica hangs over the ocean for as much as 500 miles. Other ice shelves only extend for a mile or two before breaking up.
The Need For A Law For Ice Shelf Calving

To date there hasn’t been a law based on physical principles that explains ice shelf calving.

“To predict the future of the ice sheet and to understand the past, we have to put the information into a computer,” says Richard B. Alley, the Evan Pugh professor of geosciences. “The models we have do not currently have any way to figure out where the big ice sheets end and where the ice calves off to form icebergs.”

Because of this, the scientists searched for the most important variable that determines where an ice shelf will break off into the ocean - not an easy task according to professor Alley.

“Fracture-mechanics problems are invariably difficult,” he says.

“Earthquake prediction comes to mind, or guessing whether a tea cup pushed off the table will break or bounce upon hitting the floor. With the tea cup, a drop from 1 mm high won’t break it, and a drop from 100 m almost surely will — one term, the height of the drop, explains a whole lot of the behavior.” he added.

“Our hope was to find such a dominant term in calving of bergs from ice shelves.”
Simple Law for Ice Shelf Calving

The scientists believe they have found a dominant term that can be used to forecast ice shelf calving.

In the tea cup example, the height of the tea cup was the dominant term. With ice shelves, the scientists found that the spreading tendency in the direction of ice and berg motion was the dominant term.

The equation is the rate of spreading times the width of the shelf times thickness multiplied by a constant.

In other words, it is the rate at which ice shelves spread that is the most important variable that determines when an ice shelve is about to calve.

“The spreading rate can be calculated from ice thickness and a few other things that are already solved for in numerical models, so we have provided a practicable calving law,” said Alley. “At present, models rarely if ever calculate physically where the ice ends, instead stopping the model before the ice ends or using some other relation that is not fully physical.”
Global Warming

Armed with this knowledge, scientists will be in a better position to forecast the impact of global warming on sea levels.

Computer models will be able to use this information to better predict how ice sheets will behave in warmer temperatures.

Scientists recently predicted that sea temperatures would rise by over a meter by the end of this century.